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Svenskar och sexualitet enligt Encyklopedia

I USA finns Kinseyinstitutet som sysslar med att forska kring sexualitet och samla forskning om sexualitet. De har ett ambitiöst projekt där...



I USA finns Kinseyinstitutet som sysslar med att forska kring sexualitet och samla forskning om sexualitet. De har ett ambitiöst projekt där de samlar forskning om sexualitet från i stort sett hela världen uppdelat på länder. Länken går till vad som skrivs om Sverige och svensk forskning: The continuum complete Encyclopedia of sexuality . Det ser ut som att just den här sidan är gjort 2004, vilket innebär att de senaste fem årens forskning inte finns med.
Jag har tagit med en av artiklarna här.
Och säg inte att du blir särskilt förvånad när du läser att svenskar ser sig om väldigt jämställda, men att det är mer lagstiftningen som är jämställd än verkligheten (kvinnor tar ut det mesta av föräldraledigheten är det exempel som tas). Och det är okej för killar att ha one-night-stands, men inte för tjejer tyckte Uppsalaungdomar. Ränderna går, som sagt aldrig ur. Men följ länken och läs, det här är bilden som encyklopedian ger om svenskar och sex.

1. Basic Sexological Premises

A. Character of Gender Roles

Sweden has the reputation, especially among its own inhabitants, of being the leader in gender equity. Whether this is reality or not, the early strivings for equality—thinking of men and women as equal—started more than a century ago. Women’s movements were in the vanguard of these early efforts. In the family and matrimonial law reform of 1920, no differentiation was made between the rights and responsibilities of men and women, husbands and wives. Unfortunately, while the law drew no difference between the genders, the reality of social consciousness and behavior did differentiate. Thus, efforts shifted to achieving gender equity. Today, Swedes are more prone to think of and work for the process of gender equity, the fair and reasonable treatment of both men and women.

Depending on one’s perspective, Sweden has come close to, or is still far from, gender equity. If one takes a public or legal perspective, Sweden has come very far. Officially, women and men are treated equally and have the same rights and responsibilities. From a historical and cultural perspective, when compared with other European countries and those in the Middle East, Sweden is a real pioneer at the cutting edge. However, if we use the ideal of gender equity as the perspective and basis for evaluation, Sweden has a very long way to go. To illustrate: Sweden has led the way for other nations with a gender-neutral parental-leave law that provides almost full salary for up to a year for either parent of a new child. This means that the mother and the father can share this leave any way they want. They can split the paid leave any way they want, or either of them can take all the leave. The reality is far from gender equity. Quite a few new mothers take all the leave of absence from work; fathers never take the full leave. Very few fathers take more than a few weeks off, although their salary is fully paid during this leave. Officially, formally, there is full gender equity; in reality, Sweden is far from gender equity on this, and many other, issues. (See also: M. J. Intons-Peterson’s (1988) comparative study of the gender concepts of Swedish and American youth and D. Meyer’s 1989 study of Sex and Power: The Rise of Women in America, Russia, Sweden and Italy.)

B. Sociolegal Status of Males and Females

For both females and males, the age of majority is 18 years. However, it is illegal to have sexual intercourse or engage in sexual (genital) touches with a person under the age of 15 years, regardless of whether the underage person is male or female, whether the couple is same- or opposite-gendered, and whether it is voluntary or involuntary. Sexual intercourse or contact is also prohibited by law under the age of 18 when the younger person is under the custody or supervision of the older person. Otherwise, the legal status and prohibitions, including sexual harassment and rape, are the same for all persons (Meyer 1989).

C. General Concepts of Sexuality and Love

In general, the Swedes have a liberal and permissive attitude towards sexual relations and intercourse, although, as in all societies, some restrictions are commonly accepted. This is illustrated by a 1992 study on a representative sample of 729 Uppsala University students, aged 19 to 23. About 70% of both male and female respondents believed that it is acceptable for a 15-year-old girl to have sexual intercourse with a steady boyfriend; the same percentage approved of a 15-year-old boy having sex with his steady girlfriend. More than 90% of both male and female respondents did not approve of a 15-year-old girl having sexual intercourse with a casual partner. Only 40% of the males and 50% of the female respondents disapproved of a 15-year-old boy having sex with a casual partner. The double standard still colors what is acceptable, “even” in Sweden. It is stronger among males than among females, and this holds true even among the highly educated.

Almost all of those students disapproved of a married or cohabiting person having sexual intercourse with another person other than the spouse or cohabitation partner. In this regard, males and females did not apply a double standard and were equally restrictive in their views of “extra” sexual behavior by both men and women.

Generally speaking, females in this university sample were somewhat more restrictive or less permissive than males, but the differences are generally not significant.

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Charlotte Cronquist

Charlotte Cronquist
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